AISI 1018 Carbon Steel
Low carbon steel. Good machinability and weldability. Most common general-purpose steel.
carbon-steel
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AISI 1020 Carbon Steel
Low carbon steel. Similar to 1018 but slightly lower strength.
carbon-steel
AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
Medium carbon steel. Heat treatable. Good balance of strength and ductility.
carbon-steel
AISI 4130 Chromoly Steel
Chrome-moly alloy. Excellent weldability. Popular in aerospace and motorsports.
carbon-steel
AISI 4140 Alloy Steel
Chrome-moly alloy. High strength when heat treated. Good fatigue resistance.
carbon-steel
AISI 4340 Alloy Steel
Ni-Cr-Mo alloy. Very high strength. Excellent toughness and fatigue resistance.
carbon-steel
ASTM A36 Structural Steel
Most common structural steel in US. Excellent weldability. Low cost.
carbon-steel
ASTM A992 Structural Steel
Primary steel for W-shapes in US. Replaced A36 for structural shapes.
carbon-steel
304 Stainless Steel
Most common stainless steel. 18/8 (18% Cr, 8% Ni). Excellent corrosion resistance.
stainless-steel
316 Stainless Steel
Marine grade. Contains molybdenum for superior corrosion resistance.
stainless-steel
316L Stainless Steel
Low carbon version of 316. Better weldability, prevents carbide precipitation.
stainless-steel
410 Stainless Steel
Martensitic stainless. Heat treatable. Good wear resistance.
stainless-steel
17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Precipitation hardening. Very high strength with good corrosion resistance.
stainless-steel
430 Stainless Steel
Ferritic stainless. Lower cost than 304. Magnetic.
stainless-steel
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Duplex (austenitic-ferritic). High strength. Excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance.
stainless-steel
6061-T6 Aluminum
Most versatile aluminum alloy. Excellent machinability and weldability.
aluminum
7075-T6 Aluminum
Highest strength aluminum. Not weldable. Zinc is primary alloying element.
aluminum
2024-T3 Aluminum
Aerospace aluminum. Copper alloyed. High fatigue resistance. Poor corrosion resistance.
aluminum
5052-H32 Aluminum
Excellent corrosion resistance. Good formability. Magnesium alloyed.
aluminum
3003-H14 Aluminum
General purpose alloy. Excellent workability and weldability. Manganese alloyed.
aluminum
6063-T5 Aluminum
Architectural alloy. Excellent surface finish. Good extrudability.
aluminum
5083-H116 Aluminum
Highest strength non-heat-treatable alloy. Outstanding seawater corrosion resistance.
aluminum
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5)
Most common titanium alloy (>50% of all Ti production). Alpha-beta alloy.
titanium
Commercially Pure Ti (Grade 2)
Most common CP titanium. Excellent corrosion resistance. Good formability.
titanium
C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper
99.9% pure copper. Highest electrical conductivity of commercial coppers.
copper
C36000 Free-Cutting Brass
Best machinability of all brasses. Standard for rating machinability (100%).
copper
C26000 Cartridge Brass
70% Cu, 30% Zn. Excellent cold working. Originally developed for cartridge cases.
copper
C51000 Phosphor Bronze
5% Sn bronze with phosphorus. Excellent fatigue resistance and spring properties.
copper
C17200 Beryllium Copper
Highest strength copper alloy. Age hardenable. Expensive due to beryllium content.
copper
Inconel 625
Excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. Used from cryogenic to 982°C.
nickel
Inconel 718
Most used superalloy. Age hardenable. Good strength to 700°C.
nickel
Gray Cast Iron (Class 30)
Graphite flakes. Excellent damping. Good machinability. Brittle, no yield strength.
cast-iron
Ductile Iron (65-45-12)
Spheroidal graphite. Much more ductile than gray iron. Also called nodular iron.
cast-iron
Malleable Cast Iron (M3210)
Heat treated white iron. Improved ductility. Largely replaced by ductile iron.
cast-iron
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
Excellent impact resistance. Easy to machine. Common 3D printing material.
plastics
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
Chemical resistant. FDA approved for food contact. Very low cost.
plastics
LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene)
Very flexible. Excellent film properties. Lower strength than HDPE.
plastics
Nylon 6/6 (Polyamide)
High strength engineering plastic. Good wear resistance. Absorbs moisture.
plastics
PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone)
Premium engineering plastic. Continuous use to 250°C. Biocompatible. Very expensive.
plastics
Delrin (Acetal/POM)
Excellent dimensional stability. Low friction. Good fatigue and creep resistance.
plastics
Polycarbonate (PC)
Extremely high impact strength. Optically clear. UV sensitive.
plastics
PTFE (Teflon)
Lowest friction coefficient of any solid. Chemically inert. Wide temperature range.
plastics
UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PE)
Highest abrasion resistance of any thermoplastic. Self-lubricating. FDA approved.
plastics
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Second most produced plastic. Flame resistant. Low cost. Not UV stable.
plastics
Polypropylene (PP)
Lowest density of common plastics. Good fatigue resistance (living hinges).
plastics
PLA (Polylactic Acid)
Biodegradable. Made from corn starch. Most popular 3D printing filament.
plastics
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
Quasi-isotropic layup values. Actual properties highly dependent on fiber orientation.
composites
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
Much lower cost than CFRP. Good corrosion resistance. Non-conductive.
composites
Kevlar/Epoxy Composite
Excellent impact resistance. Difficult to machine. Negative thermal expansion along fiber.
composites
Concrete (3000 psi / 20 MPa)
Compressive strength 20 MPa (3000 psi). Standard residential grade.
concrete
Concrete (4000 psi / 28 MPa)
Compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). Common structural grade.
concrete
Concrete (6000 psi / 41 MPa)
Compressive strength 41 MPa (6000 psi). High-strength structural grade.
concrete
Red Oak
Parallel to grain values. Hardwood. Most common hardwood in US.
wood
Southern Yellow Pine
Parallel to grain values. Softwood. Primary structural lumber in US.
wood
Structural Plywood
Values in strong direction (parallel to face grain). CDX = exposure grade.
wood
Douglas Fir
Parallel to grain values. Softwood. Premium structural lumber. Strong and stiff.
wood